TCP/IP MODEL

TCP/IP is based on a four-layer reference model. All protocols that belong to the TCP/IP protocol suite are located in the top three layers of this model.


 APPLICATION LAYER
Defines TCP/IP application protocols and how host programs interface with transport layer services to use the network.

TRANSPORT LAYER
Provides communication session management between host computers. Defines the level of service and status of the connection used when transporting data.

INTERNET LAYER
Packages data into IP datagrams, which contain source and destination address information that is used to forward the datagrams between hosts and across networks. Performs routing of IP datagrams.

NETWORK INTERFACE
Specifies details of how data is physically sent through the network, including how bits are electrically signaled by hardware devices that interface directly with a network medium, such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, or twisted-pair copper wire.

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